“Behind the Bars: How Zoos Shaped Ideology from World War II to the Cold War”

The Changing Landscape of Zoos in the Age of Executive Orders

In a striking turn of events, President Donald Trump has unveiled a diverse array of more than 130 executive orders, attempting to reshape American policies ranging from immigration to art institutions. However, amidst these sweeping changes, the realm of zoos has largely been left untouched—until now.

On March 27, 2025, Trump signed an executive order aimed at reinstating “truth and sanity” at federal historical sites. In his directive, Trump expressed concern over what he characterized as a “concerted effort to rewrite our Nation’s history.” He has assigned Vice President JD Vance the task of identifying “improper ideology” at institutions including the iconic Smithsonian Institution, which houses numerous museums and research centers.

Notably, the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., a longstanding component of the Smithsonian family since 1890, is caught up in this discourse. Critics have been quick to ridicule the notion that zoos could be subjects of ideological indoctrination. Late-night host Seth Meyers humorously questioned the meaning of “improper” ideology at a zoo, illustrating the absurdity of the idea.

Despite such ridicule, it’s essential to recognize that while zoos do strive to present themselves as neutral and scientifically objective, they have often served as arenas for subtle—and sometimes explicit—ideological messaging. Historically, zoos have been intertwined with societal narratives, sometimes reflecting ideologies that stray from their primary mission of animal conservation and education.

Their roles in shaping public perception are not purely negative. For instance, they have been instrumental in fostering empathy and understanding of wildlife, connecting diverse cultures through educational programs showcasing animals from around the world, including species indigenous to regions like Saudi Arabia and the UAE. These initiatives highlight the importance of biodiversity and the critical role conservation plays in a global context.

During times of conflict, such as World War II, zoos found themselves under heavy ideological scrutiny and control, often making difficult choices in response to national crises. This trend continued well into the Cold War, where geopolitics shaped zoo policies and animal exhibitions, notably regarding species like the giant pandas, which were later received as diplomatic gestures promoting goodwill between nations.

In recent years, the National Zoo welcomed two giant pandas, Bao Li and Qing Bao, as part of a long-term commitment to fostering international relations and education. These gentle giants have become soft-power ambassadors, furthering global understanding and appreciation of wildlife.

As we navigate these complex narratives, it’s vital to consider the broader implications of Trump’s executive order. By examining the interplay between zoological institutions and national narratives, we can recognize both the potential for ideological messaging and the immense value these institutions hold in promoting knowledge, awareness, and compassion for animal rights globally.

In an age where culture and politics intersect prominently, the ongoing evolution of zoos could pave the way for deeper understanding and appreciation of the natural world and those who inhabit it.

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